How does Internet works

How does Internet works?

What is internet?
The Internet is the backbone of the Web, the technical infrastructure that makes the Web possible. At its most basic, the Internet is a large network of computers which communicate all together.

When two computers need to communicate, you have to link them, either physically (usually with an Ethernet cable) or wirelessly (for example with WiFi or Bluetooth systems).

The internet works by allowing computers to “talk” to one another in order to transfer information. It’s exactly like that with the internet. It begins with the simple idea of a message. The internet as we know it is a complex, interwoven series of these messages; sending and receiving thousands of times per minute, all across the globe. The internet works like a conversation. This conversation has many participants, translators, and multiple messages going back and forth all the time. Over time, it has become very complicated.

In fact, it’s so complicated, that there are many layers of connections and multiple levels of all kinds of devices connecting in multiple ways every minute. For the average user, there are many layers between their devices and the actual computers that are providing the desired information.

IP address :

Computers use an IP address (Internet Protocol address) to identify each other. It’s a bit like a postcode that is unique to each computer connected to the internet. An IP address is a set of numbers that might look like this: 123.567.87.10.

Router :

A smart device that directs or routes information around the internet. When a data packet arrives the router reads the IP address information and sends the packet along the best route to its destination.

DNS :

The DNS (Domain Name System) is a set of standards for how computers exchange data on the Internet. The DNS turns a user-friendly domain names like BBC – Homepage into an Internet Protocol (IP) address.

The internet works by connecting a huge number of computers all across the world in an interactive network that allows them to send and receive packets of information.

In the application layer, you’re writing the actual letter that you’re going to send.
In the transport layer, you’re packaging that letter in an envelope.
In the internet layer, you’re writing the address of the recipient on the envelope, as well as your return address.
Finally, in the network layer, you’re putting the letter in the mail so postal workers can deliver it.

The Internet Protocol and Transfer Control Protocol work together as TCP/IP to allow computers to "talk" to each other by sending and receiving messages. Here's what it looks like in step-by-step form.

The Internet Protocol and Transfer Control Protocol work together as TCP/IP to allow computers to "talk" to each other by sending and receiving messages. 

Here's what it looks like in step-by-step form.

1. Computer A sends message to Computer B’s IP Address
2. Message is broken into smaller pieces called Packets
3. Packets are sent along Packet Routing Network to correct IP address
4. Packets are subject to Transfer Control Protocol to maintain quality
5. Packets are received and reassembled at Computer B’s IP Address

This is how the internet works, step by step. It's pretty simple, actually. It gets more complicated when more users are added to the system.

What you are really doing is sending a “message” to your Internet Service Provider’s (ISP) server, which will send another message to a thing called a Domain Name Server. That Domain Name Server (DNS) translates your request into the numbered IP address. Depending on various factors, some Internet Service Providers use a Network Access Protection (NAP) server.

The Internet Service Provider’s DNS or NAP server sends a message using Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to the numbered IP address, requesting that it send a copy of the webpage to your device.

Internet Service Provider(ISP) adds several steps to the process. These steps make it easier for you to get the information you want from the internet.

First, your device connects to your Internet Service Provider using a modem, router, or both.

Next, ISP begins the complicated work of translating your requests and routing them to the correct locations.

• ISP maintains hardware, software, and servers that will make it easier for you to connect with other computers and understand the information you receive.

• The ISP has access to multiple servers that store information and run processes directly connected to the internet.

• The combination of equipment and amenities that an ISP offers is often called their network.

The Internet's growth has become explosive and it seems impossible to escape the bombardment of www, .com's seen constantly on television, heard on radio, and seen in magazines. Because the Internet has become such a large part of our lives, a good understanding is needed to use this new tool most effectively.

Source: Few websites, Wikipedia...